pregnene-4-ene-3,20-dione C₂₁H₃₀O₂ 314.46 g/mol . It is . (by the adrenal glands and testicles).
1. Chemical properties of progesterone
Appearance : White or off-white crystalline powder.
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121-125℃ .
Stability : Sensitive to light and heat, need to be stored away from light.
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4 rings (A/B/C/D) , with a keto group (C=O) at position 3 and at position 4 .
cholesterol to pregnenolone and then to progesterone (dependent on 3 -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ).
(excreted in urine).
Half-life :
Oral administration : About 5-20 minutes (strong first-pass effect, requiring special preparations to improve bioavailability).
Injection : Approximately 18-36 hours (oil sustained release).
2. Legitimate medical uses of progesterone
✅ :
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(such as luteal insufficiency).
: luteal support during IVF cycles.
: Combined with estrogen (such as estradiol) to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer.
Pregnancy -related :
(only effective in certain cases, such as luteal phase insufficiency).
(vaginal suppositories can reduce uterine contractions).
:
(high-dose progesterone inhibits testosterone to estradiol conversion).
3. Progesterone mechanism of action and physiological function
:
PR-A/PR-B → Regulates gene transcription (e.g., inhibits uterine contractions, maintains endometrium).
Non- genomic effects :
(calming effect).
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Maintain pregnancy, inhibit ovulation (contraception), and regulate menstrual cycle. |
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→ anxiolytic/sedative (similar to Allopregnanolone). |
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(especially in menopausal women). |
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Promotes the development of mammary lobules (in preparation for lactation). |
5. Progesterone vs. synthetic progestogens
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Emergency contraception/long-term contraception |
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(such as micronized oral or vaginal administration).
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6. Progesterone safe use recommendations
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Local absorption, few systemic side effects (such as prevention of premature birth).
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Bioavailability increases, reducing the first-pass effect in the liver.
(regular screening is required for those taking long-term HRT).
(progesterone may slightly increase LDL).
7. Progesterone Safe Alternatives (Hormone-Related Needs )
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100-200 mg /week (monitor blood testosterone levels).
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Anastrozole 0.5mg/week (to prevent male breast growth/water retention).
Vitamin B6 (50-100mg/day) : Supports corpus luteum function.
: Relieves premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
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+852 4671 8216 |
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